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Kubernetes tutorial

Kubernetes, also known as “K8s,” is an open-source platform that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It was originally developed by Google and is now maintained by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF). Kubernetes has become a standard for container orchestration, and many organizations use it to manage their container-based infrastructure.

What is Kubernetes?

Kubernetes is a container orchestration platform that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It provides a unified API for deploying and managing applications across different environments, whether they are on-premises, in the cloud, or in a hybrid environment.

Kubernetes architecture:

Kubernetes architecture consists of several components that work together to provide a scalable and resilient platform for container orchestration. These components include:

  1. Control plane: The control plane is responsible for managing the overall state of the Kubernetes cluster. It includes components like the API server, etcd, and the controller manager.
  2. Nodes: Nodes are the worker machines that run the containerized applications. They are responsible for running the application containers, monitoring their health, and reporting back to the control plane.
  3. Pods: Pods are the smallest deployable units in Kubernetes. A pod is a logical host for one or more containers and provides a shared network namespace and filesystem for the containers within it.
  4. Services: Services provide a stable endpoint for accessing a set of pods. They can be used to load balance traffic between pods, and they can be exposed externally to the cluster.
  5. Ingress: Ingress provides an external endpoint for accessing HTTP(S) services within the cluster. It can be used to route traffic to different services based on the URL or hostname.
  6. Volumes: Volumes provide a way to store data that can be shared across multiple containers within a pod.

How Kubernetes works:

Kubernetes works by creating a cluster of nodes that can run containers. Each node runs a Kubernetes agent called kubelet, which is responsible for managing the containers running on the node. The master node, which is responsible for managing the cluster, runs a number of components, including:

  1. etcd: A distributed key-value store that is used to store the cluster’s configuration data.
  2. API Server: A server that provides a RESTful interface for interacting with the cluster.
  3. Controller Manager: A component that manages various controllers, such as the ReplicaSet controller, which ensures that the desired number of replicas of a given application are running.
  4. Scheduler: A component that schedules containers to run on nodes based on their resource requirements.

When a user deploys an application to Kubernetes, they create a deployment, which specifies the desired state of the application. The Kubernetes controller then ensures that the desired state is met by creating and managing replicas of the application as needed. The API server provides a RESTful interface for interacting with the cluster, allowing users to manage their applications and the underlying infrastructure.

Key Features of Kubernetes

Kubernetes provides a wide range of features that make it a powerful container orchestration system. Some of the key features include:

  1. Container Orchestration: Kubernetes automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containers, making it easy to manage containerized applications at scale.
  2. Service Discovery and Load Balancing: Kubernetes provides a built-in service discovery and load balancing mechanism, making it easy to distribute traffic across multiple instances of an application.
  3. Automated Rollouts and Rollbacks: Kubernetes makes it easy to deploy new versions of an application with automated rollouts and rollbacks, ensuring that applications are always up-to-date and running smoothly.
  4. Self-Healing: Kubernetes automatically detects and replaces failed containers, ensuring that applications are always available and running smoothly.
  5. Resource Management: Kubernetes allows you to specify resource requirements and limits for containers, ensuring that applications have the resources they need to run smoothly.
  6. Horizontal Scaling: Kubernetes makes it easy to scale applications horizontally by adding or removing instances of an application based on demand.
  7. Configuration Management: Kubernetes allows you to manage application configuration using ConfigMaps and Secrets, making it easy to update and manage application settings.

Benefits of using Kubernetes:

  1. Scalability: Kubernetes can automatically scale applications up or down based on demand, ensuring that the resources are being used efficiently.
  2. High availability: Kubernetes can automatically detect and recover from failures in the cluster, ensuring that applications remain available even if individual nodes or pods fail.
  3. Portability: Kubernetes provides a common API for deploying and managing applications across different environments, making it easier to move applications between on-premises, cloud, and hybrid environments.
  4. Simplified management: Kubernetes automates many of the tasks involved in deploying and managing containerized applications, reducing the operational burden on IT teams.

Miscellaneous

Reference:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubernetes

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